The Importance of Timely Management of Septic Shock

Sepsis (sometimes called septicaemia or blood poisoning) occurs when the immune system has an extreme response to an infection. Septic shock is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a significant drop in blood pressure because of an infection. If this is left untreated it can lead to heart failure, respiratory failure, stroke, organ failure, and death.

Anyone with an infection can get sepsis. However, some people are more likely to get an infection that could lead to sepsis, for example, premature babies, people with diabetes and those who have recently had surgery or a serious illness.

According to the Surviving Sepsis Guidelines, a sepsis diagnosis requires the presence of infection and two or more of the signs or symptoms of sepsis, examples include:
• High heart rate of low blood pressure
• Sweaty skin
• Shortness of breath
• Fever of shivering
• Confusion or disorientation

People with sepsis and septic shock are classed as a medical emergency and require close monitoring and treatment in hospital often in the intensive care unit. Treatment options include:

Antibiotics: It is vital that antibiotics are given as soon as possible ideally within 1 hour of arriving at hospital. It is common that broad-spectrum antibiotics are often used in the first instance to act against most of the bacteria that could be causing the infection. A blood test is then carried out to reveal exactly which bacteria is responsible and then the doctor will switch to a more specific antibiotic.

Vasopressors: These medications are necessary to maintain adequate blood pressure.

Corticosteroids: This is used when blood pressure and heart rate continue to be unstable even after receiving fluids and vasopressors.

It is difficult to diagnose sepsis and septic shock as there is no specific test to confirm this and the symptoms can also present in other disorders therefore it is important that if there is any suspicion that a patient has sepsis or has gone into septic shock that urgent medical treatment is provided as early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in providing a good outcome.