The Difficulties with Diagnosing ADHD

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined in ICD-11 as a “persistent pattern (at least six months) of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that has a direct negative impact on academic, occupational or social functioning.”

There is no single test for ADHD and it is diagnosed based on an assessment involving the evaluation of information gathered from a number of sources, including: clinical examination; clinical interviews with individuals, parents/teachers for children or partners for adults with ADHD; and use of assessment tools and rating scales.

Following a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a child, adolescent or adult, there are a number of treatment options available:
-Medical treatments include methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, dexamfetamine, guanfacine and atomoxetine
-Therapy (e.g Cognitive behavioural therapy)
-Diet/Supplements

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines state that a diagnosis of ADHD should only be made by a specialist psychiatrist, paediatrician or other appropriately qualified healthcare professional with training and expertise in the diagnosis of ADHD. Furthermore, it should be based upon a full clinical and psychosocial assessment, a full developmental and psychiatric history, and observer reports of the individual’s mental state. For a diagnosis of ADHD, symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity and/or inattention should meet the diagnostic criteria of the relevant region.

It can be difficult to diagnose ADHD particularly in children as they are still growing and therefore children will have a degree of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity therefore it can be hard to attribute their symptoms to ADHD as opposed to common childlike behaviour.

People with ADHD tend to also have other disorders such as depression, anxiety and learning disorders which can confuse matters as the symptoms of the other disorders could present more prominently than those of ADHD and therefore the diagnosis is missed.

A lack of clear understanding of ADHD and the importance of its diagnosis and treatment still exists among individuals, parents, teachers, and healthcare providers. More research is required as well as increased communication between clinicians and patients with ADHD as this would be the best way to reduce the negative impacts of this disorder as well as improving the way ADHD is diagnosed and treated.